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Apa Saja Penyebab Kanker Kulit?

Kanker kulit juga merupakan pertumbuhan sel-sel pada kulit manusia yang sudah pada taraf abnormal. Apa saja faktor penyebab kanker kulit? Sampai sekarang para peneliti juga belum dapat memastikan apa yang sebenarnya penyebab kanker kulit secara akurat. Tetapi ada beberapa hal yang sangat disarankan untuk dapat dihindari agar bisa terlepas dari yang namanya penyakit kanker kulit ini. Kanker kulit sendiri telah dibedakan berdasarkan tingkat keganasan kankernya. Oleh sebab itu selagi masih bisa sebaiknya kita harus menghindari kanker kulit dengan mempelajari faktor-faktor yang bisa dapat menimbulkan penyakit ini.

    Faktor Usia Sebagai Penyebab Kanker Kulit

Jika yang satu ini memang telah tidak bisa dihindari lagi, karena juga sudah kodrat manusia akan memasuki masa tua. Pada umur 60 tahun keatas kita akan rentan untuk diserang penyakit kanker kulit.

    Rokok dan Tembakau Penyebab Kanker Kulit

Asap yang keluar dari rokok dan dihirup oleh tubuh kita berpeluang besar sebagai dampak timbulnya kanker kulit. Bukan hanya pecandu rokok itu saja yang dapat berpeluang terjangkit penyakit ini, tetapi orang sekitar yang ikut menghirup asap rokok juga dapat berpeluang besar terkena kanker kulit.

    Sinar Matahari Penyebab Kanker Kulit

Sinar matahari memang telah mengandung vitamin yang berguna bagi kulit kita. Hal ini juga akan berbeda jika kita berbicara mengenai sinar matahari pada siang hari. Kandungan ultraviolet pada siang hari diyakini akan bisa mengakibatkan kanker kulit.

    Bahan Kimia Penyebab Kanker Kulit

Penyalahgunaan bahan kimia yang telah dimasukkan didalam makanan bisa dapat menyebabkan kanker kulit. Contohnya saja yang sering kita temukan adalah penggunaan bahan kimia sebagai pengawet makanan.

    Bakteri dan Virus Penyebab Kanker Kulit

Bakteri ataupun virus juga merupakan salah satu penyumbang terbesar timbulnya kanker kulit. Jadi disarankan untuk selalu menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan juga kebersihan badan kita. Sering gonta ganti pasangan berpeluang besar untuk mendatangkan virus masuk kedalam tubuh kita.

    Faktor Keturunan Penyebab Kanker Kulit

Hal ini juga masih dalam perkiraan saja, dimana kanker kulit bisa dapat terjadi karena faktor keturunan. Karena menurut penelitian dari penderita kanker kulit diketahui bahwa ternyata mereka mempunyai orang tua dengan riwayat yang sama juga.

Apa saja faktor penyebab kanker kulit? Tentunya uraian diatas sudah bisa dapat memberikan gambaran yang cukup jelas mengenai faktor yang bisa mendatangkan kanker kulit. Paling tidak kita sudah bisa memproteksi diri sedini mungkin agar dapat terhindar dari penyakit mematikan ini.
    

Editor : Dian Sukmawati

Imagine an elite professional services firm with a high-performing, workaholic culture. Everyone is expected to turn on a dime to serve a client, travel at a moment’s notice, and be available pretty much every evening and weekend. It can make for a grueling work life, but at the highest levels of accounting, law, investment banking and consulting firms, it is just the way things are.

Except for one dirty little secret: Some of the people ostensibly turning in those 80- or 90-hour workweeks, particularly men, may just be faking it.

Many of them were, at least, at one elite consulting firm studied by Erin Reid, a professor at Boston University’s Questrom School of Business. It’s impossible to know if what she learned at that unidentified consulting firm applies across the world of work more broadly. But her research, published in the academic journal Organization Science, offers a way to understand how the professional world differs between men and women, and some of the ways a hard-charging culture that emphasizes long hours above all can make some companies worse off.

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Ms. Reid interviewed more than 100 people in the American offices of a global consulting firm and had access to performance reviews and internal human resources documents. At the firm there was a strong culture around long hours and responding to clients promptly.

“When the client needs me to be somewhere, I just have to be there,” said one of the consultants Ms. Reid interviewed. “And if you can’t be there, it’s probably because you’ve got another client meeting at the same time. You know it’s tough to say I can’t be there because my son had a Cub Scout meeting.”

Some people fully embraced this culture and put in the long hours, and they tended to be top performers. Others openly pushed back against it, insisting upon lighter and more flexible work hours, or less travel; they were punished in their performance reviews.

The third group is most interesting. Some 31 percent of the men and 11 percent of the women whose records Ms. Reid examined managed to achieve the benefits of a more moderate work schedule without explicitly asking for it.

They made an effort to line up clients who were local, reducing the need for travel. When they skipped work to spend time with their children or spouse, they didn’t call attention to it. One team on which several members had small children agreed among themselves to cover for one another so that everyone could have more flexible hours.

A male junior manager described working to have repeat consulting engagements with a company near enough to his home that he could take care of it with day trips. “I try to head out by 5, get home at 5:30, have dinner, play with my daughter,” he said, adding that he generally kept weekend work down to two hours of catching up on email.

Despite the limited hours, he said: “I know what clients are expecting. So I deliver above that.” He received a high performance review and a promotion.

What is fascinating about the firm Ms. Reid studied is that these people, who in her terminology were “passing” as workaholics, received performance reviews that were as strong as their hyper-ambitious colleagues. For people who were good at faking it, there was no real damage done by their lighter workloads.

It calls to mind the episode of “Seinfeld” in which George Costanza leaves his car in the parking lot at Yankee Stadium, where he works, and gets a promotion because his boss sees the car and thinks he is getting to work earlier and staying later than anyone else. (The strategy goes awry for him, and is not recommended for any aspiring partners in a consulting firm.)

A second finding is that women, particularly those with young children, were much more likely to request greater flexibility through more formal means, such as returning from maternity leave with an explicitly reduced schedule. Men who requested a paternity leave seemed to be punished come review time, and so may have felt more need to take time to spend with their families through those unofficial methods.

The result of this is easy to see: Those specifically requesting a lighter workload, who were disproportionately women, suffered in their performance reviews; those who took a lighter workload more discreetly didn’t suffer. The maxim of “ask forgiveness, not permission” seemed to apply.

It would be dangerous to extrapolate too much from a study at one firm, but Ms. Reid said in an interview that since publishing a summary of her research in Harvard Business Review she has heard from people in a variety of industries describing the same dynamic.

High-octane professional service firms are that way for a reason, and no one would doubt that insane hours and lots of travel can be necessary if you’re a lawyer on the verge of a big trial, an accountant right before tax day or an investment banker advising on a huge merger.

But the fact that the consultants who quietly lightened their workload did just as well in their performance reviews as those who were truly working 80 or more hours a week suggests that in normal times, heavy workloads may be more about signaling devotion to a firm than really being more productive. The person working 80 hours isn’t necessarily serving clients any better than the person working 50.

In other words, maybe the real problem isn’t men faking greater devotion to their jobs. Maybe it’s that too many companies reward the wrong things, favoring the illusion of extraordinary effort over actual productivity.