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DATUK KETUMANGGUNGAN DAN DATUK PERPATIH NAN SABATANG

Siapa tokoh ini?. Apakah mereka juga merupakan dua orang legendaris sejarah Minangkabau?. Atau apakah keduanya merupakan tokoh historis sejarah Minangkabau yang benar-benar ada dan hidup dalam sejarah Minangkabau pada masa dahulu. Penjelasan berikut ini dapat menjawab beberapa pertanyaan itu. Suku bangsa Minangkabau, dari dahulu hingga sekarang, mempercayai dengan penuh keyakinan, bahwa kedua orang tokoh itu merupakan pendiri Adat Koto Piliang dan Adat Bodi Caniago yang sampai sekarang masih hidup subur di dalam masyarakat Minangkabau, baik yang ada di Sumatera Barat sendiri maupun yang ada diperantauan. Demikian kokohnya sendi-sendi kedua adat itu sehingga tidak dapat digoyahkan oleh bermacam-macam pengaruh dari luar, dengan pengertian akan segera mengadakan reaksi membalik apabila terjadi perbenturan terhadap unsur-unsur pokok adat itu. Hal ini telah dibuktikan oleh perputaran masa terhadap kedua adat itu. Ada petunjuk bagi kita bahwa kedua tokoh itu memang merupakan tokoh sejarah Minangkabau. Pitono mengambil kesimpulan bahwa dari bait kedua prasasti pada bagian belakang arca Amogapasa, antara tokoh adat Datuk Perpatih Nan Sabatang dengan tokoh Dewa Tuhan Perpatih yang tertulis pada arca itu adalah satu tokoh yang sama. Dijelaskan selanjutnya bahwa pada prasasti itu tokoh Dewa Tuhan Perpatih sebagai salah seorang terkemuka dari raja Adityawarman yaitu salah seorang menterinya. Jadi tokoh Dewa Tuhan yang ada pada prasasti yang terdapat di Padang Candi itu adalah sama dengan Datuk Perpatih Nan Sabatang. Demikian kesimpulannya. Kalau pendapat ini memang benar, maka dapat pula dibenarkan bahwa tokoh Datuk Perpatih Nan Sabatang itu adalah merupakan salah seorang tokoh historis dalam sejarah Minangkabau, karena namanya juga tertulis pada salah satu prasasti sebagai peninggalan sejarah yang nyata-nyata ada. Bukti lain mengenai kehadiran tokoh tersebut dalam sejarah Minangkabau adalah dengan adanya Batu Batikam di Dusun Tuo Lima Kaum, Batusangkar. Dikatakan dalam Tambo, bahwa sebagai tanda persetujuan antara Datuk Perpatih Nan Sabatang dengan Datuk Ketumanggungan, Datuk Perpatih Nan Sabatang menikamkan kerisnya kepada sebuah batu, hal ini sebagai peringatan bagi anak cucunya dikemudian hari. Sebelum peristiwa ini terjadi antara kedua tokoh adat itu terjadi sedikit kesalah pahaman. Adanya Batu Batikam itu yang sampai sekarang masih terawat dengan baik, dan ini membuktikan kepada kita bahwa kedua tokoh itu memang ada dalam sejarah Minangkabau, bukan sekedar sebagai tokoh dongeng saja sebagaimana banyak ahli-ahli barat mengatakannya. Bukti lain dalam hikayat raja-raja Pasai. Dikatakan bahwa dalam salah satu perundingan dengan Gajah Mada yang berhadapan dari Minangkabau adalah Datuk Perpatih Nan Sabantang tersebut. Hal ini membuktikan pula akan kehadiran tokoh itu dalam sejarah Minangkabau. Di Negeri Sembilan, sebagai bekas daerah rantau Minangkabau seperti dikatakan Tambo, sampai sekarang juga dikenal Adat Perpatih. Malahan peraturan adat yang berlaku di rantau sama dengan peraturan adat yang berlaku di daerah asalnya. Hal ini juga merupakan petunjuk tentang kehadiran Datuk Parpatih Nan Sabantang dalam sejarah Minangkabau. Menurut pendiri adat Koto Piliang oleh Datuk Ketumanggungan dan Adat Budi Caniago oleh Datuk Perpatih Nan Sabatang. Sesudah ternyata terbukti bahwa kedua tokoh itu benar-benar hadir dalam sejarah Minangkabau, maka ada hal sedikit yang kurang benar yang dikemukakan oleh Pinoto. Dia mengatakan bahwa kedua tokoh itu merupakan pembesar dengan kedudukan menteri dalam kerajaan Adiyawarman. Tetapi pencantuman kedua tokoh itu dalam Prasasti Adityawarman tidaklah berarti bahwa menjadi menterinya, melainkan untuk menghormatinya, karena sebelum Adityawarman datang, kedua tokoh itu sudah ada di Minangkabau yang sangat dihormati oleh rakyatnya. Maka oleh Adityawarman untuk menghormati kedudukan kedua tokoh itu dicantumkan nama mereka pada prasastinya. Tidak sembarang orang yang dapat dicantumkan di dalam prasasti itu, kecuali tokoh yang betul-betul sangat terhormat. Walaupun Datuk Parpatih Nan Sabatang dan Datuk Ketumanggungan sudah merupakan tokoh historis dalam sejarah Minangkabau sesuai dengan bukti-bukti yang dikemukakan, akan tetapi keduanya bukanlah merupakan raja Minangkabau, melainkan sebagai pemimpin masyarakat dan penyusun kedua adat yang hidup dalam masyarakat Minangkabau sekarang ini, yaitu adat Koto Piliang dan Adat Bodi Caniago, bagi masyarakat Minangkabau sendiri kedudukan yang sedemikian, jauh lebih tinggi martabatnya dari kedudukan seorang raja yang manapun. Antara Datuk Parpatih Nan Sabatang dan Datuk Ketumanggungan adalah dua orang bersaudara satu Ibu berlainan Ayah. Karena ada sedikit perbedaan dari apa yang dikatakan Tambo mengenai siapa ayah dan ibu dari kedua orang itu, rasanya pada kesempatan ini tidak perlu dibicarakan perbedaan itu. Tetapi dari apa yang dikatakan itu dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa ayah Datuk Ketumanggungan adalah suami pertama ibunya (Indo Jati). Berasal dari yang berdarah luhur atau dari keturunan raja-raja. Sedangkan ayah dari Datuk Parpatih Nan Sabatang adalah Cati Bilang Pandai suami kedua ibunya yang berasal dari India Selatan juga. Perbedaan darah leluhur dari keduanya itu menyebabkan nantinya ada sedikit perbedaan dalam ajaran yang disusun mereka. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa kedua orang itu yaitu Datuk Ketumanggungan dan Datuk Parpatih Nan Sabatang adalah dua tokoh historis dalam sejarah Minangkabau, bukan tokoh legendaris sebagaimana yang dianggap oleh kebanyakan penulis-penulis barat. DATUK KETUMANGGUNGAN DAN DATUK PERPATIH NAN SABATANG

Dean Skelos, Albany Senate Leader, Aided Son at All Costs, U.S. Says

Over the last five years or so, it seemed there was little that Dean G. Skelos, the majority leader of the New York Senate, would not do for his son.

He pressed a powerful real estate executive to provide commissions to his son, a 32-year-old title insurance salesman, according to a federal criminal complaint. He helped get him a job at an environmental company and employed his influence to help the company get government work. He used his office to push natural gas drilling regulations that would have increased his son’s commissions.

He even tried to direct part of a $5.4 billion state budget windfall to fund government contracts that the company was seeking. And when the company was close to securing a storm-water contract from Nassau County, the senator, through an intermediary, pressured the company to pay his son more — or risk having the senator subvert the bid.

The criminal complaint, unsealed on Monday, lays out corruption charges against Senator Skelos and his son, Adam B. Skelos, the latest scandal to seize Albany, and potentially alter its power structure.

 
Preet Bharara, the United States attorney in Manhattan, discussed the case involving Dean G. Skelos and his son, Adam. Eduardo Munoz/Reuters

The repeated and diverse efforts by Senator Skelos, a Long Island Republican, to use what prosecutors said was his political influence to find work, or at least income, for his son could send both men to federal prison. If they are convicted of all six charges against them, they face up to 20 years in prison for each of four of the six counts and up to 10 years for the remaining two.

Senator Kenneth P. LaValle, of Long Island, who serves as chairman of the Republican conference, emerged from a closed-door meeting Monday night to say that conference members agreed that Mr. Skelos should be benefited the “presumption of innocence,” and would stay in his leadership role.

“The leader has indicated he would like to remain as leader,” said Mr. LaValle, “and he has the support of the conference.” The case against Mr. Skelos and his son grew out of a broader inquiry into political corruption by the United States attorney for the Southern District of New York, Preet Bharara, that has already changed the face of the state capital. It is based in part, according to the six-count complaint, on conversations secretly recorded by one of two cooperating witnesses, and wiretaps on the cellphones of the senator and his son. Those recordings revealed that both men were concerned about electronic surveillance, and illustrated the son’s unsuccessful efforts to thwart it.

Adam Skelos took to using a “burner” phone, the complaint says, and told his father he wanted them to speak through a FaceTime video call in an apparent effort to avoid detection. They also used coded language at times.

At one point, Adam Skelos was recorded telling a Senate staff member of his frustration in not being able to speak openly to his father on the phone, noting that he could not “just send smoke signals or a little pigeon” carrying a message.

The 43-page complaint, sworn out by Paul M. Takla, a special agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation, outlines a five-year scheme to “monetize” the senator’s official position; it also lays bare the extent to which a father sought to use his position to help his son.

The charges accuse the two men of extorting payments through a real estate developer, Glenwood Management, based on Long Island, and the environmental company, AbTech Industries, in Scottsdale, Ariz., with the expectation that the money paid to Adam Skelos — nearly $220,000 in total — would influence his father’s actions.

Glenwood, one of the state’s most prolific campaign donors, had ties to AbTech through investments in the environmental firm’s parent company by Glenwood’s founding family and a senior executive.

The accusations in the complaint portray Senator Skelos as a man who, when it came to his son, was not shy about twisting arms, even in situations that might give other arm-twisters pause.

Seeking to help his son, Senator Skelos turned to the executive at Glenwood, which develops rental apartments in New York City and has much at stake when it comes to real estate legislation in Albany. The senator urged him to direct business to his son, who sold title insurance.

After much prodding, the executive, Charles C. Dorego, engineered a $20,000 payment to Adam Skelos from a title insurance company even though he did no work for the money. But far more lucrative was a consultant position that Mr. Dorego arranged for Adam Skelos at AbTech, which seeks government contracts to treat storm water. (Mr. Dorego is not identified by name in the complaint, but referred to only as CW-1, for Cooperating Witness 1.)

Senator Skelos appeared to take an active interest in his son’s new line of work. Adam Skelos sent him several drafts of his consulting agreement with AbTech, the complaint says, as well as the final deal that was struck.

“Mazel tov,” his father replied.

Senator Skelos sent relevant news articles to his son, including one about a sewage leak near Albany. When AbTech wanted to seek government contracts after Hurricane Sandy, the senator got on a conference call with his son and an AbTech executive, Bjornulf White, and offered advice. (Like Mr. Dorego, Mr. White is not named in the complaint, but referred to as CW-2.)

The assistance paid off: With the senator’s help, AbTech secured a contract worth up to $12 million from Nassau County, a big break for a struggling small business.

But the money was slow to materialize. The senator expressed impatience with county officials.

Adam Skelos, in a phone call with Mr. White in late December, suggested that his father would seek to punish the county. “I tell you this, the state is not going to do a [expletive] thing for the county,” he said.

Three days later, Senator Skelos pressed his case with the Nassau County executive, Edward P. Mangano, a fellow Republican. “Somebody feels like they’re just getting jerked around the last two years,” the senator said, referring to his son in what the complaint described as “coded language.”

The next day, the senator pursued the matter, as he and Mr. Mangano attended a wake for a slain New York City police officer. Senator Skelos then reassured his son, who called him while he was still at the wake. “All claims that are in will be taken care of,” the senator said.

AbTech’s fortunes appeared to weigh on his son. At one point in January, Adam Skelos told his father that if the company did not succeed, he would “lose the ability to pay for things.”

Making matters worse, in recent months, Senator Skelos and his son appeared to grow wary about who was watching them. In addition to making calls on the burner phone, Adam Skelos said he used the FaceTime video calling “because that doesn’t show up on the phone bill,” as he told Mr. White.

In late February, Adam Skelos arranged a pair of meetings between Mr. White and state senators; AbTech needed to win state legislation that would allow its contract to move beyond its initial stages. But Senator Skelos deemed the plan too risky and caused one of the meetings to be canceled.

In another recorded call, Adam Skelos, promising to be “very, very vague” on the phone, urged his father to allow the meeting. The senator offered a warning. “Right now we are in dangerous times, Adam,” he told him.

A month later, in another phone call that was recorded by the authorities, Adam Skelos complained that his father could not give him “real advice” about AbTech while the two men were speaking over the telephone.

“You can’t talk normally,” he told his father, “because it’s like [expletive] Preet Bharara is listening to every [expletive] phone call. It’s just [expletive] frustrating.”

“It is,” his father agreed.

Dean Skelos, Albany Senate Leader, Aided Son at All Costs, U.S. Says

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