Setiap jamaah yang berangkat umroh atau haji khusus Call/Wa. 08111-34-1212 pasti menginginkan perjalanan ibadah haji plus atau umrohnya bisa terlaksana dengan lancar, nyaman dan aman sehingga menjadi mabrur. Demi mewujudkan kami sangat memahami keinginan para jamaah sehingga merancang program haji onh plus dan umroh dengan tepat. Jika anda ingin melaksanakan Umrah dan Haji dengan tidak dihantui rasa was-was dan serta ketidakpastian, maka Alhijaz Indowisata Travel adalah solusi sebagai biro perjalanan anda yang terbaik dan terpercaya.?agenda umroh 12 hari

Apakah Anda termasuk yang bingung untuk memilih jenis bohlam lampu apa yang tepat untuk jenis aplikasi penggunaan pada ruangan Anda? Jika “Ya”  Anda tidak usah bingung dan sampai harus memanggil konsultan design interior segala kalau hanya sekedar untuk menentukan lampu apa yang cocok buat ruangan Anda. Kalau Anda pernah membaca tulisan saya terdahulu, Baca Tips Design Pencahayaan Lighting Ruang, sedikit pernah saya ulas kalau hakekat design pencahayaan lighting sebuah ruang sebenarnya adalah menganut kaidah siang dan malam.

Untuk dapat memilih lampu yang tepat atau sesuai dengan jenis aplikasi penggunaan pada ruangan Anda, Anda juga perlu melihat beberapa parameter serta jenis yang ada dalam spesifikasi lampunya. Berikut adalah beberapa parameter dan jenis yang ada dalam spesifikasi lampu, yang perlu Anda lihat karena berkaitan erat dengan aplikasi penggunannya:

1. Colour Rendering

Dalam katalog jenis lampu, satuan yang dipakai untuk dapat membedakan warna cahaya lighting atau biasa disebut Colour Rendering adalah Kelvin atau sering disingkat K. Semakin tinggi angka satuan Kelvin-nya, biasanya satuannya dalam ribuan, maka akan semakin putih kebiru-biruan warna cahaya lightingnya. Begitupun sebaliknya, semakin rendah angka Kelvin-nya maka akan semakin kuning kemerah-merahan warna cahaya lampunya. Untuk dapat menentukan warna apa yang tepat buat ruangan Anda maka jika ruangan Anda aplikasinya untuk bersantai, untuk kamar tidur, tempat makan, ruang keluarga, sebaiknya pilih yang warna cahayanya yang kuning. Jangan menggunakan warna putih. Karena apa? Karena warna kuning lebih soft, nyaman untuk nuansa santai dan beristirahat. Sebaliknya, jika aplikasinya buat ruang kerja yang bernuansa serius, pilihlah yang berwarna putih.

Pertanyaan saya bagaimana jika sebuah ruangan misalnya berfungsi ganda? Ya, berfungsi sebagai ruang santai juga ruang untuk bekerja Anda misalnya. Gampang, aturlah sistem pencahayaan ruangan tersebut menjadi dua grup, satu grup lampu dengan cahaya kuning dan satu grup lagi dengan cahaya putih lalu pasanglah saklar seri menjadi dua grup.

Sekedar contoh pada lampu yang ada di pasaran. Saya ambil contoh pada lampu Philips jenis esential type warm white (kuning) satuan Kelvin-nya sebesar 2700 K. Dan kalau type cool daylight (putih) satuan Kelvin-nya sebesar 6500 K.

2. Lumen

Satuan yang telah membedakan kekuatan cahaya bohlam lampu adalah Lumen. Semakin tinggi satuan Lumen sebuah lampu maka semakin terang atau tinggi pula Lux cahaya yang dipancarkannya. Lampu yang baik idealnya adalah ratio lumennya tinggi diatas 50 lm/W. Bahkan kini lampu-lampu Hemat Energi di pasaran sudah ada yang lumen per wattnya cukup tinggi, yaitu 60 lm/W. Untuk dapat menentukan berapa Lux yang tepat buat ruangan Anda maka jika ruangan Anda aplikasinya untuk bersantai, untuk kamar tidur, tempat makan, ruang keluarga, sebaiknya pilih yang watt dan lumen-nya tidak terlalu tinggi. Jangan menggunakan lampu yang terlalu terang pada ruangan tersebut. Karena apa? Karena cahaya yang lebih redup, soft atau tidak terlalu terang lebih nyaman untuk nuansa santai dan beristirahat. Sebaliknya, jika aplikasinya buat ruang kerja yang bernuansa serius, pilihlah yang watt dan lumennya yang tinggi.

Sebagai gambaran misalnya ruangan Anda berukuran 9 M2 dan berfungsi sebagai kamar tidur, kebutuhan lampunya sekitar 300 Lumen sudah cukup untuk dapat menerangi ruangan Anda.

3. Jenis Ballast dan Trafo

Di pasaran pada lampu tertentu, seperti jenis TL, PLC, Metal Halide dan spot ada yang masih menggunakan ballast dan trafo sebagai komponen lampunya. Dan tipe ballast dan trafo yang ada terbagi menjadi dua, konvensional (pakai kumparan/lilitan) dan elektronik. Dari kedua tipe ballast dan trafo tersebut, pilihlah yang dari jenis elektronik, jangan menggunakan yang jenis kumparan. Selain karena alasan Hemat Energi sebab ballast atau trafo elektronik terbukti lebih hemat energi, juga pada lampu yang ber-ballast atau trafo elektronik bentuknya lebih ramping sehingga tidak mengganggu estetika ruangan Anda.

4. Lampu Spot

Untuk obyek tertentu yang telah membutuhkan fokus penerangan seperti poster, lukisan atau obyek-obyek tertentu seperti patung, air mancur, atau pohon dan relief di taman misalnya, yang butuh sekali ditonjolkan, pasanglah lampu sorot yang mengarah ke obyek-obyek tersebut agar obyeknya nampak lebih menonjol dan hidup. Lampu seperti jenis ini dalam istilah design lighting disebut lampu spot. Untuk memilih lampu yang jenis seperti ini, pilihlah lampu yang berjenis PAR.

5. Lampu General Lighting

Untuk tipe general lightingnya, pilihlah yang jenis armaturenya dari downlight karena lebih fleksibel, yang titiknya bisa diatur menyebar mengikuti luas ceiling ruangan. Karena bentuknya yang tidak terlalu besar dan bisa inbow (masuk) ke dalam plafond membuat ruangan lebih indah secara estetika untuk mendukung design interior ruangan Anda.

6. Lampu Indirect Lighting

Untuk sistem pencahayaan ruang yang telah membutuhkan penerangan cahaya secara tidak langsung atau indirect, misal untuk koef ceiling (lekukan plafond) atau pada ornamen pada dinding, pilihlah lampu yang dari jenis TL karena bisa memberikan efek pencahayaan bayangan yang bagus. Lampu TL yang bentuknya memanjang lebih menghemat jumlah titik lampunya. Dan sekarang tersedia pilihan dengan bentuknya yang semakin kecil dan memanjang mirip dengan tubing neon sign yang dulu pada design interior lighting ruangan pernah dipakai juga sebagai lampu indirect lighting. Contoh lampu TL yang kecil seperti ini, pilih jenis lampu TL 5.

Demikian beberapa tips dari saya untuk memilih bohlam lampu yang tepat buat ruangan Anda. Semoga sharing tips ini bisa bermanfaat.

WASHINGTON — The last three men to win the Republican nomination have been the prosperous son of a president (George W. Bush), a senator who could not recall how many homes his family owned (John McCain of Arizona; it was seven) and a private equity executive worth an estimated $200 million (Mitt Romney).

The candidates hoping to be the party’s nominee in 2016 are trying to create a very different set of associations. On Sunday, Ben Carson, a retired neurosurgeon, joined the presidential field.

Senator Marco Rubio of Florida praises his parents, a bartender and a Kmart stock clerk, as he urges audiences not to forget “the workers in our hotel kitchens, the landscaping crews in our neighborhoods, the late-night janitorial staff that clean our offices.”

Gov. Scott Walker of Wisconsin, a preacher’s son, posts on Twitter about his ham-and-cheese sandwiches and boasts of his coupon-clipping frugality. His $1 Kohl’s sweater has become a campaign celebrity in its own right.

Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky laments the existence of “two Americas,” borrowing the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s phrase to describe economically and racially troubled communities like Ferguson, Mo., and Detroit.

Photo

 

“Some say, ‘But Democrats care more about the poor,’ ” Mr. Paul likes to say. “If that’s true, why is black unemployment still twice white unemployment? Why has household income declined by $3,500 over the past six years?”

We are in the midst of the Empathy Primary — the rhetorical battleground shaping the Republican presidential field of 2016.

Harmed by the perception that they favor the wealthy at the expense of middle-of-the-road Americans, the party’s contenders are each trying their hardest to get across what the elder George Bush once inelegantly told recession-battered voters in 1992: “Message: I care.”

Their ability to do so — less bluntly, more sincerely — could prove decisive in an election year when power, privilege and family connections will loom large for both parties.

Questions of understanding and compassion cost Republicans in the last election. Mr. Romney, who memorably dismissed the “47 percent” of Americans as freeloaders, lost to President Obama by 63 percentage points among voters who cast their ballots for the candidate who “cares about people like me,” according to exit polls.

And a Pew poll from February showed that people still believe Republicans are indifferent to working Americans: 54 percent said the Republican Party does not care about the middle class.

That taint of callousness explains why Senator Ted Cruz of Texas declared last week that Republicans “are and should be the party of the 47 percent” — and why another son of a president, Jeb Bush, has made economic opportunity the centerpiece of his message.

With his pedigree and considerable wealth — since he left the Florida governor’s office almost a decade ago he has earned millions of dollars sitting on corporate boards and advising banks — Mr. Bush probably has the most complicated task making the argument to voters that he understands their concerns.

On a visit last week to Puerto Rico, Mr. Bush sounded every bit the populist, railing against “elites” who have stifled economic growth and innovation. In the kind of economy he envisions leading, he said: “We wouldn’t have the middle being squeezed. People in poverty would have a chance to rise up. And the social strains that exist — because the haves and have-nots is the big debate in our country today — would subside.”

Continue reading the main story

 

Who Is Running for President (and Who’s Not)?

Republicans’ emphasis on poorer and working-class Americans now represents a shift from the party’s longstanding focus on business owners and “job creators” as the drivers of economic opportunity.

This is intentional, Republican operatives said.

In the last presidential election, Republicans rushed to defend business owners against what they saw as hostility by Democrats to successful, wealthy entrepreneurs.

“Part of what you had was a reaction to the Democrats’ dehumanization of business owners: ‘Oh, you think you started your plumbing company? No you didn’t,’ ” said Grover Norquist, the conservative activist and president of Americans for Tax Reform.

But now, Mr. Norquist said, Republicans should move past that. “Focus on the people in the room who know someone who couldn’t get a job, or a promotion, or a raise because taxes are too high or regulations eat up companies’ time,” he said. “The rich guy can take care of himself.”

Democrats argue that the public will ultimately see through such an approach because Republican positions like opposing a minimum-wage increase and giving private banks a larger role in student loans would hurt working Americans.

“If Republican candidates are just repeating the same tired policies, I’m not sure that smiling while saying it is going to be enough,” said Guy Cecil, a Democratic strategist who is joining a “super PAC” working on behalf of Hillary Rodham Clinton.

Republicans have already attacked Mrs. Clinton over the wealth and power she and her husband have accumulated, caricaturing her as an out-of-touch multimillionaire who earns hundreds of thousands of dollars per speech and has not driven a car since 1996.

Mr. Walker hit this theme recently on Fox News, pointing to Mrs. Clinton’s lucrative book deals and her multiple residences. “This is not someone who is connected with everyday Americans,” he said. His own net worth, according to The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, is less than a half-million dollars; Mr. Walker also owes tens of thousands of dollars on his credit cards.

But showing off a cheap sweater or boasting of a bootstraps family background not only helps draw a contrast with Mrs. Clinton’s latter-day affluence, it is also an implicit argument against Mr. Bush.

Mr. Walker, who featured a 1998 Saturn with more than 100,000 miles on the odometer in a 2010 campaign ad during his first run for governor, likes to talk about flipping burgers at McDonald’s as a young person. His mother, he has said, grew up on a farm with no indoor plumbing until she was in high school.

Mr. Rubio, among the least wealthy members of the Senate, with an estimated net worth of around a half-million dollars, uses his working-class upbringing as evidence of the “exceptionalism” of America, “where even the son of a bartender and a maid can have the same dreams and the same future as those who come from power and privilege.”

Mr. Cruz alludes to his family’s dysfunction — his parents, he says, were heavy drinkers — and recounts his father’s tale of fleeing Cuba with $100 sewn into his underwear.

Gov. Chris Christie of New Jersey notes that his father paid his way through college working nights at an ice cream plant.

But sometimes the attempts at projecting authenticity can seem forced. Mr. Christie recently found himself on the defensive after telling a New Hampshire audience, “I don’t consider myself a wealthy man.” Tax returns showed that he and his wife, a longtime Wall Street executive, earned nearly $700,000 in 2013.

The story of success against the odds is a political classic, even if it is one the Republican Party has not been able to tell for a long time. Ronald Reagan liked to say that while he had not been born on the wrong side of the tracks, he could always hear the whistle. Richard Nixon was fond of reminding voters how he was born in a house his father had built.

“Probably the idea that is most attractive to an average voter, and an idea that both Republicans and Democrats try to craft into their messages, is this idea that you can rise from nothing,” said Charles C. W. Cooke, a writer for National Review.

There is a certain delight Republicans take in turning that message to their advantage now.

“That’s what Obama did with Hillary,” Mr. Cooke said. “He acknowledged it openly: ‘This is ridiculous. Look at me, this one-term senator with dark skin and all of America’s unsolved racial problems, running against the wife of the last Democratic president.”