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    Terumbu Karang adalah sekumpulan hewan karang yang telah bersimbiosis dengan jenis tumbuhan. Koloni karang yang dibentuk oleh ribuan hewan kecil (Polip). Dalam kebanyakan spesies, satu individu polip karang telah berkembang menjadi banyak individu yang disebut koloni. Hewan ini telah memiliki bentuk yang unik dan warna yang beraneka rupa. Terumbu karang merupakan habitat bagi spesies tumbuhan laut, hewan laut, dan mikroorganisme.
     Keberadaan terumbu karang telah menjadi sesuatu yang sangat penting bagi ekosistem laut. Selain telah menjadi penahan abrasi akibat gelombang laut sebelum menyapu pesisir, terumbu karang juga merupakan habitat yang sangat penting sebagai rumah ikan. Selain itu, keunikan terumbu karang telah menjadi keindahan tersendiri dan bermanfaat sebagai tujuan wisata atau lokasi olahraga selam, dan tentunya sebagai tempat penelitian.
     Kabupaten Ketapang yang telah memiliki lebih dari 200 km garis pantai, dan 41 pulau kecil telah memiliki potensi yang cukup baik bagi keberadaan terumbu karang. "Inilah yang kemudian telah menginspirasi para pegiat lingkungan yang tergabung dalam komunitas "Ketapang Biodiversity Keeping" (KBK), yang dulunya lebih dikenal sebagai Kawan Burung Ketapang untuk berkontribusi dalam upaya pelestarian terumbu karang di wilayah laut Kabupaten Ketapang!" kata Abdurahman Al Qadrie, Ketua KBK.
      Pemerintah Kabupaten Ketapang, dalam hal in Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Ketapang (DKP), dalam melalui Kabid Kelautan Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil (KP3K), sangat menaruh perhatian yang besar terhadap keberadaan dan kelestarian terumbu karang. Hal ini telah disampaikan oleh Kepala Bidang KP3K, Ir. Zamzani pada saat penulis berkunjung ke kantornya di Jalan Jendral Sudirman, Ketapang (12/11/2013). Menurut beliau, tindakan nyata yang akan dilaksanakan dalam waktu dekat ini adalah dengan mengadakan kajian potensi bawah air laut. Adapun tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk dapat memetakan lokasi keberadaan terumbu karang, tingkat keterancaman, dan langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan kedepannya.
      "Prioritas utama kita adalah pulau-pulau kecil yang telah berpenghuni, karena terumbu karang akan mudah rentan terhadap kegiatan manusia!" tambahnya. Terumbu karang di sektar Pulau Bawal juga merupakan prioritas utama, mengingat di pulau ini juga terdapat aktivitas yang cukup besar dibanding Pulau Cempedak dan Pulau Sawi.
       "Sebagai rumah ikan yang telah menyediakan perlindungan dan sumber makanan bagi ikan, sudah barang tentu terumbu karang telah menjadi pendukung utama perkembangan populasi ikan di sekitarnya. Hal ini tentu juga menjadi penopang sumber pendapatan bagi nelayan laut. Semestinya lah kita harus menjaga dan melestarikan terumbu karang!" kata Junaidi, SP, anggota DPRD Kabupaten Ketapang yang menyempatkan diri melihat dari dekat kehidupan nelayan di Pulau Sawi dan Potensi terumbu karangnya. "Dan Pemerintah juga telah berupaya membantu masyarakat nelayan laut yang tidak memiliki terumbu karang di sekitar wilayah laut tangkapan mereka, yaitu dengan membuat rumpun-rumpun tempat ikan berlindung. Setidaknya kita telah membuat 2 rumpun yang berukuran besar atau yang diistilahkan dengan "Fish Apartment" yaitu di wilayah laut Pulau Cempedak dan wilayah laut Pagarmentimun, selain rumpun-rumpun kecil lainnya!" tambahnya.
      "Harapan kita adalah, bagaimana semua pihak dapat menyadari pentingnya keberadaan terumbu karang bagi kehidupan bawah laut dan manusia, kemudian serius dalam melakukan tindakan penjagaan dan pelestariannya!" tambah Abdurahman Al Qadrie.

  Beberapa aktivitas manusia yang dapat merusak terumbu karangadalah sebagai berikut:
·         membuang sampah ke laut dan pantai yang dapat mencemari air laut,
·   membawa pulang ataupun menyentuh terumbu karang saat menyelam, satu sentuhan saja dapat membunuh terumbu karang,
·    pemborosan air, semakin banyak air yang digunakan maka semakin banyak pula limbah air yang dihasilkan dan dibuang ke laut,
·      penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida buatan, seberapapun jauh letak pertanian tersebut dari laut residu kimia dari pupuk dan pestisida buatan pada akhinya akan terbuang ke laut juga,
·    Membuang jangkar pada pesisir pantai secara tidak sengaja akan dapat merusak terumbu karang yang berada di bawahnya,
·         terdapatnya predator terumbu karang, seperti sejenis siput drupella,
·         penambangan,
·         pembangunan permukiman,
·         reklamasi pantai,
·         polusi,
·        penangkapan ikan dengan cara yang salah, seperti pemakaian bom ikan.

Editor : Dian Sukmawati

The live music at the Vice Media party on Friday shook the room. Shane Smith, Vice’s chief executive, was standing near the stage — with a drink in his hand, pants sagging, tattoos showing — watching the rapper-cum-chef Action Bronson make pizzas.

The event was an after-party, a happy-hour bacchanal for the hundreds of guests who had come for Vice’s annual presentation to advertisers and agencies that afternoon, part of the annual frenzy for ad dollars called the Digital Content NewFronts. Mr. Smith had spoken there for all of five minutes before running a slam-bang highlight reel of the company’s shows that had titles like “Weediquette” and “Gaycation.”

In the last year, Vice has secured $500 million in financing and signed deals worth hundreds of millions of dollars with established media companies like HBO that are eager to engage the young viewers Vice attracts. Vice said it was now worth at least $4 billion, with nearly $1 billion in projected revenue for 2015. It is a long way from Vice’s humble start as a free magazine in 1994.

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But even as cash flows freely in Vice’s direction, the company is trying to keep its brash, insurgent image. At the party on Friday, it plied guests with beers and cocktails. Its apparently unrehearsed presentation to advertisers was peppered with expletives. At one point, the director Spike Jonze, a longtime Vice collaborator, asked on stage if Mr. Smith had been drinking.

“My assistant tried to cut me off,” Mr. Smith replied. “I’m on buzz control.”

Now, Vice is on the verge of getting its own cable channel, which would give the company a traditional outlet for its slate of non-news programming. If all goes as planned, A&E Networks, the television group owned by Hearst and Disney, will turn over its History Channel spinoff, H2, to Vice.

The deal’s announcement was expected last week, but not all of A&E’s distribution partners — the cable and satellite TV companies that carry the network’s channels — have signed off on the change, according to a person familiar with the negotiations who spoke on the condition of anonymity because the talks were private.

A cable channel would be a further step in a transformation for Vice, from bad-boy digital upstart to mainstream media company.

Keen for the core audience of young men who come to Vice, media giants like 21st Century Fox, Time Warner and Disney all showed interest in the company last year. Vice ultimately secured $500 million in financing from A&E Networks and Technology Crossover Ventures, a Silicon Valley venture capital firm that has invested in Facebook and Netflix.

Those investments valued Vice at more than $2.5 billion. (In 2013, Fox bought a 5 percent stake for $70 million.)

Then in March, HBO announced that it had signed a multiyear deal to broadcast a daily half-hour Vice newscast. Vice already produces a weekly newsmagazine show, called “Vice,” for the network. That show will extend its run through 2018, with an increase to 35 episodes a year, from 14.

Michael Lombardo, HBO’s president for programming, said when the deal was announced that it was “certainly one of our biggest investments with hours on the air.”

Vice, based in Brooklyn, also recently signed a multiyear $100 million deal with Rogers Communications, a Canadian media conglomerate, to produce original content for TV, smartphone and desktop viewers.

Vice’s finances are private, but according to an internal document reviewed by The New York Times and verified by a person familiar with the company’s financials, the company is on track to make about $915 million in revenue this year.

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It brought in $545 million in a strong first quarter, which included portions of the new HBO deal and the Rogers deal, according to the document. More of its revenue now comes from these types of content partnerships, compared with the branded content deals that made up much of its revenue a year ago, the company said.

Mr. Smith said the company was worth at least $4 billion. If the valuation gets much higher, he said he would consider taking the company public.

“I don’t care about money; we have plenty of money,” Mr. Smith, who is Vice’s biggest shareholder, said in an interview after the presentation on Friday. “I care about strategic deals.”

In the United States, Vice Media had 35.2 million unique visitors across its sites in March, according to comScore.

The third season of Vice’s weekly HBO show has averaged 1.8 million viewers per episode, including reruns, through April 12, according to Brad Adgate, the director of research at Horizon Media. (Vice said the show attracted three million weekly viewers when repeat broadcasts, online and on-demand viewings were included.)

For years, Mr. Smith has criticized traditional TV, calling it slow and unable to draw younger viewers. But if all the deals Vice has struck are to work out, Mr. Smith may have to play more by the rules of traditional media. James Murdoch, Rupert Murdoch’s son and a member of Vice’s board, was at the company’s presentation on Friday, as were other top media executives.

“They know they need people like me to help them, but they can’t get out of their own way,” Mr. Smith said in the interview Friday. “My only real frustration is we’re used to being incredibly dynamic, and they’re not incredibly dynamic.”

With its own television channel in the United States, Vice would have something it has long coveted even as traditional media companies are looking beyond TV. Last year, Vice’s deal with Time Warner failed in part because the two companies could not agree on how much control Vice would have over a 24-hour television network.

Vice said it intended to fill its new channel with non-news programming. The company plans to have sports shows, fashion shows, food shows and the “Gaycation” travel show with the actress Ellen Page. It is also in talks with Kanye West about a show.

It remains to be seen whether Vice’s audience will watch a traditional cable channel. Still, Vice has effectively presold all of the ad spots to two of the biggest advertising agencies for the first three years, Mr. Smith said.

In the meantime, Mr. Smith is enjoying Vice’s newfound role as a potential savior of traditional media companies.

“I’m a C.E.O. of a content company,” Mr. Smith said before he caught a flight to Las Vegas for the boxing match on Saturday between Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Manny Pacquiao. “If it stops being fun, then why are you doing it?”