Setiap jamaah yang berangkat umroh atau haji khusus Call/Wa. 08111-34-1212 pasti menginginkan perjalanan ibadah haji plus atau umrohnya bisa terlaksana dengan lancar, nyaman dan aman sehingga menjadi mabrur. Demi mewujudkan kami sangat memahami keinginan para jamaah sehingga merancang program haji onh plus dan umroh dengan tepat. Jika anda ingin melaksanakan Umrah dan Haji dengan tidak dihantui rasa was-was dan serta ketidakpastian, maka Alhijaz Indowisata Travel adalah solusi sebagai biro perjalanan anda yang terbaik dan terpercaya.?agenda umroh 12 hari

saco-indonesia.com, Warga etnis Tionghoa selama ini juga banyak dikenal sebagai pedagang alias pengusaha. Namun, sejarah juga telah mencatat etnis Tionghoa sangat literer atau menggeluti dunia tulis menulis.

Dalam 'Sejarah Pers Awal dan Kebangkitan Kesadaran Ke-Indonesia-an' (2003), telah disebutkan warga Tionghoa juga merupakan pelanggan surat kabar sejak akhir abad ke XIX. Meski tidak sebanyak orang-orang Indo Eropa, sejumlah peranakan Tionghoa pun juga mulai menjadi pemimpin surat kabar berbahasa Melayu Rendah di Batavia.

Seiring dengan perkembangan pendidikan di kalangan mereka, peranakan Tionghoa juga mulai banyak menerbitkan dan telah memimpin berbagai penerbitan dengan bahasa Melayu Rendah pada awal abad XX. Bahasa Melayu Rendah juga bisa diartikan sebagai bahasa pergaulan (Melayu-Pasar) yang telah banyak digunakan peranakan Tionghoa di Jawa karena tidak lagi menguasai bahasa leluhur mereka.

Karena begitu besar sumbangan dan peranan orang-orang peranakan Tionghoa dalam pengembangan bahasa Melayu Rendah, bahasa ini akhirnya telah disebut sebagai Melayu-Tionghoa. Pada awal abad XX, sejumlah penerbitan pers berbahasa Melayu Tionghoa mulai bermunculan, seperti Sin Po, Keng Po, dan Perniagaan atau Siang Po di Batavia.

Di Surabaya juga ada Suara Poeblik, Pewarta Soerabaya dan Sin Tit Po. Ada juga Warna Warta dan Djawa Tengah (Semarang), Sin Bin (Bandung), Li Po (Sukabumi), Tjin Po dan Pelita Andalas (Medan), Sinar Sumatera dan Radio (Padang), dan Han Po (Palembang).

Surat kabar Sin Po telah memiliki catatan khusus dalam sejarah pergerakan Indonesia. Media itulah yang pertama kali telah menyebarluaskan syair 'Indonesia Raya' beserta partiturnya pada 10 November 1928, atau dua pekan setelah dikumandangkan pertama kali secara instrumentalia oleh WR Supratman pada Kongres Pemuda II, 28 Oktober 1928.

Di koran itu, WR Supratman juga menulis dengan jelas 'lagu kebangsaan' di bawah judul 'Indonesia'. Benny Setiono dalam 'Tionghoa Dalam Pusaran Politik' (2008) menulis, Sin Po yang berarti Surat Kabar Baru, telah mencetak 5.000 eksemplar teks lagu Indonesia Raya dan telah dihadiahkan kepada WR Supratman, yang bekerja sebagai reporter di mingguan itu sejak 1925. Oleh WR Supratman, kemudian ribuan koran itu dijual.

Sin Po, yang pertama kali terbit sebagai mingguan pada 1 Oktober 1910, juga merupakan surat kabar yang telah mempelopori penggunaan kata 'Indonesia' menggantikan 'Nederlandsch-Indie', 'Hindia-Nerderlandsch', atau 'Hindia Olanda'. Harian ini juga yang menghapus penggunaan kata 'inlander' dari semua penerbitannya karena dirasa sebagai penghinaan oleh rakyat Indonesia.

Kemudian, sebagai balas budi, pers Indonesia juga mengganti sebutan 'Cina' dengan 'Tionghoa' dalam semua penerbitannya. Dalam percakapan sehari-hari, Soekarno, Hatta, Sjahrir, Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo kemudian juga telah mengganti kata 'Cina' dengan kata 'Tionghoa'.

Koran Sin Po saat itu memang telah memiliki pandangan politik yang pro-nasionalis Tiongkok. Namun karena alasan itu pulalah, yakni berdasar ajaran Dr Sun Yat Sen, Sin Po juga telah mendukung perjuangan rakyat Indonesia untuk dapat memperoleh kemerdekaan. Dalam San Min Chu I, Sun Yat Sen menulis perkembangan kemerdekaan Tiongkok tidak akan sempurna selama bangsa-bangsa di Asia belum merdeka.

Gerakan pro-nasionalis Tiongkok yang didukung Sin Po akhirnya sirna seiring dengan kemerdekaan bangsa Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945, yang juga banyak didukung tokoh-tokoh Tionghoa. Kemerdekaan itu kini sudah menjadi milik bangsa Indonesia, termasuk di dalamnya keturunan Tionghoa.

Editor : Dian Sukmawati

Though Robin and Joan Rolfs owned two rare talking dolls manufactured by Thomas Edison’s phonograph company in 1890, they did not dare play the wax cylinder records tucked inside each one.

The Rolfses, longtime collectors of Edison phonographs, knew that if they turned the cranks on the dolls’ backs, the steel phonograph needle might damage or destroy the grooves of the hollow, ring-shaped cylinder. And so for years, the dolls sat side by side inside a display cabinet, bearers of a message from the dawn of sound recording that nobody could hear.

In 1890, Edison’s dolls were a flop; production lasted only six weeks. Children found them difficult to operate and more scary than cuddly. The recordings inside, which featured snippets of nursery rhymes, wore out quickly.

Yet sound historians say the cylinders were the first entertainment records ever made, and the young girls hired to recite the rhymes were the world’s first recording artists.

Year after year, the Rolfses asked experts if there might be a safe way to play the recordings. Then a government laboratory developed a method to play fragile records without touching them.

The technique relies on a microscope to create images of the grooves in exquisite detail. A computer approximates — with great accuracy — the sounds that would have been created by a needle moving through those grooves.

In 2014, the technology was made available for the first time outside the laboratory.

“The fear all along is that we don’t want to damage these records. We don’t want to put a stylus on them,” said Jerry Fabris, the curator of the Thomas Edison Historical Park in West Orange, N.J. “Now we have the technology to play them safely.”

Last month, the Historical Park posted online three never-before-heard Edison doll recordings, including the two from the Rolfses’ collection. “There are probably more out there, and we’re hoping people will now get them digitized,” Mr. Fabris said.

The technology, which is known as Irene (Image, Reconstruct, Erase Noise, Etc.), was developed by the particle physicist Carl Haber and the engineer Earl Cornell at Lawrence Berkeley. Irene extracts sound from cylinder and disk records. It can also reconstruct audio from recordings so badly damaged they were deemed unplayable.

“We are now hearing sounds from history that I did not expect to hear in my lifetime,” Mr. Fabris said.

The Rolfses said they were not sure what to expect in August when they carefully packed their two Edison doll cylinders, still attached to their motors, and drove from their home in Hortonville, Wis., to the National Document Conservation Center in Andover, Mass. The center had recently acquired Irene technology.

Cylinders carry sound in a spiral groove cut by a phonograph recording needle that vibrates up and down, creating a surface made of tiny hills and valleys. In the Irene set-up, a microscope perched above the shaft takes thousands of high-resolution images of small sections of the grooves.

Stitched together, the images provide a topographic map of the cylinder’s surface, charting changes in depth as small as one five-hundredth the thickness of a human hair. Pitch, volume and timbre are all encoded in the hills and valleys and the speed at which the record is played.

At the conservation center, the preservation specialist Mason Vander Lugt attached one of the cylinders to the end of a rotating shaft. Huddled around a computer screen, the Rolfses first saw the wiggly waveform generated by Irene. Then came the digital audio. The words were at first indistinct, but as Mr. Lugt filtered out more of the noise, the rhyme became clearer.

“That was the Eureka moment,” Mr. Rolfs said.

In 1890, a girl in Edison’s laboratory had recited:

There was a little girl,

And she had a little curl

Right in the middle of her forehead.

When she was good,

She was very, very good.

But when she was bad, she was horrid.

Recently, the conservation center turned up another surprise.

In 2010, the Woody Guthrie Foundation received 18 oversize phonograph disks from an anonymous donor. No one knew if any of the dirt-stained recordings featured Guthrie, but Tiffany Colannino, then the foundation’s archivist, had stored them unplayed until she heard about Irene.

Last fall, the center extracted audio from one of the records, labeled “Jam Session 9” and emailed the digital file to Ms. Colannino.

“I was just sitting in my dining room, and the next thing I know, I’m hearing Woody,” she said. In between solo performances of “Ladies Auxiliary,” “Jesus Christ,” and “Dead or Alive,” Guthrie tells jokes, offers some back story, and makes the audience laugh. “It is quintessential Guthrie,” Ms. Colannino said.

The Rolfses’ dolls are back in the display cabinet in Wisconsin. But with audio stored on several computers, they now have a permanent voice.