Kanker kulit merupakan pertumbuhan sel-sel pada kulit manusia yang sudah pada taraf abnormal. Apa saja faktor yang menjadi penyebab kanker kulit? Sampai sekarang para peneliti juga belum bisa memastikan apa yang sebenarnya penyebab kanker kulit secara akurat. Tetapi ada beberapa hal yang telah disarankan untuk dihindari agar bisa terlepas dari yang namanya penyakit kanker kulit ini. Kanker kulit sendiri telah dibedakan berdasarkan tingkat keganasan kankernya. Oleh sebab itu selagi masih bisa sebaiknya kita harus menghindari kanker kulit dengan mempelajari faktor-faktor yang bisa dapat menimbulkan penyakit ini.
Faktor Usia Sebagai Penyebab Kanker Kulit
Jika yang satu ini memang tidak bisa dihindari lagi, karena sudah kodrat manusia akan memasuki masa tua. Pada umur 60 tahun keatas kita juga akan rentan untuk diserang penyakit kanker kulit.
Rokok dan Tembakau Penyebab Kanker Kulit
Asap yang keluar dari rokok dan dihirup oleh tubuh kita berpeluang besar sebagai dampak timbulnya kanker kulit. Bukan hanya pecandu rokok itu saja yang berpeluang terjangkit penyakit ini, tetapi orang sekitar yang ikut menghirup asap rokok juga akan berpeluang besar terkena kanker kulit.
Sinar Matahari Penyebab Kanker Kulit
Sinar matahari memang telah mengandung vitamin yang berguna bagi kulit kita. Hal ini juga akan sangat berbeda jika kita berbicara mengenai sinar matahari pada siang hari. Kandungan ultraviolet pada siang hari diyakini akan bisa mengakibatkan kanker kulit.
Bahan Kimia Penyebab Kanker Kulit
Penyalahgunaan bahan kimia yang telah dimasukkan didalam makanan bisa dapat menyebabkan kanker kulit. Contohnya saja yang sering kita temukan adalah penggunaan bahan kimia sebagai pengawet makanan.
Bakteri dan Virus Penyebab Kanker Kulit
Bakteri ataupun virus juga merupakan salah satu penyumbang terbesar timbulnya kanker kulit. Jadi disarankan untuk selalu menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan juga kebersihan badan kita. Sering gonta ganti pasangan berpeluang besar mendatangkan virus masuk kedalam tubuh kita.
Faktor Keturunan Penyebab Kanker Kulit
Hal ini juga masih dalam perkiraan saja, dimana kanker kulit juga bisa terjadi karena faktor keturunan. Karena menurut penelitian dari penderita kanker kulit dapat diketahui bahwa ternyata mereka juga mempunyai orang tua dengan riwayat yang sama juga.
Apa saja faktor penyebab kanker kulit? Tentunya uraian diatas juga sudah bisa memberikan gambaran yang cukup jelas mengenai faktor yang bisa mendatangkan kanker kulit. Paling tidak kita juga sudah bisa memproteksi diri sedini mungkin agar dapat terhindar dari penyakit mematikan ini.
Ghostly Voices From Thomas Edison’s Dolls Can Now Be Heard
Though Robin and Joan Rolfs owned two rare talking dolls manufactured by Thomas Edison’s phonograph company in 1890, they did not dare play the wax cylinder records tucked inside each one.
The Rolfses, longtime collectors of Edison phonographs, knew that if they turned the cranks on the dolls’ backs, the steel phonograph needle might damage or destroy the grooves of the hollow, ring-shaped cylinder. And so for years, the dolls sat side by side inside a display cabinet, bearers of a message from the dawn of sound recording that nobody could hear.
In 1890, Edison’s dolls were a flop; production lasted only six weeks. Children found them difficult to operate and more scary than cuddly. The recordings inside, which featured snippets of nursery rhymes, wore out quickly.
Yet sound historians say the cylinders were the first entertainment records ever made, and the young girls hired to recite the rhymes were the world’s first recording artists.
Year after year, the Rolfses asked experts if there might be a safe way to play the recordings. Then a government laboratory developed a method to play fragile records without touching them.
A recording heard from Edison’s Talking Doll. (Audio quality is low.)
The technique relies on a microscope to create images of the grooves in exquisite detail. A computer approximates — with great accuracy — the sounds that would have been created by a needle moving through those grooves.
In 2014, the technology was made available for the first time outside the laboratory.
“The fear all along is that we don’t want to damage these records. We don’t want to put a stylus on them,” said Jerry Fabris, the curator of the Thomas Edison Historical Park in West Orange, N.J. “Now we have the technology to play them safely.”
Last month, the Historical Park posted online three never-before-heard Edison doll recordings, including the two from the Rolfses’ collection. “There are probably more out there, and we’re hoping people will now get them digitized,” Mr. Fabris said.
The technology, which is known as Irene (Image, Reconstruct, Erase Noise, Etc.), was developed by the particle physicist Carl Haber and the engineer Earl Cornell at Lawrence Berkeley. Irene extracts sound from cylinder and disk records. It can also reconstruct audio from recordings so badly damaged they were deemed unplayable.
“We are now hearing sounds from history that I did not expect to hear in my lifetime,” Mr. Fabris said.
The Rolfses said they were not sure what to expect in August when they carefully packed their two Edison doll cylinders, still attached to their motors, and drove from their home in Hortonville, Wis., to the National Document Conservation Center in Andover, Mass. The center had recently acquired Irene technology.
A recording from Edison’s Talking Doll. (Audio quality is low.)
Cylinders carry sound in a spiral groove cut by a phonograph recording needle that vibrates up and down, creating a surface made of tiny hills and valleys. In the Irene set-up, a microscope perched above the shaft takes thousands of high-resolution images of small sections of the grooves.
Stitched together, the images provide a topographic map of the cylinder’s surface, charting changes in depth as small as one five-hundredth the thickness of a human hair. Pitch, volume and timbre are all encoded in the hills and valleys and the speed at which the record is played.
At the conservation center, the preservation specialist Mason Vander Lugt attached one of the cylinders to the end of a rotating shaft. Huddled around a computer screen, the Rolfses first saw the wiggly waveform generated by Irene. Then came the digital audio. The words were at first indistinct, but as Mr. Lugt filtered out more of the noise, the rhyme became clearer.
“That was the Eureka moment,” Mr. Rolfs said.
In 1890, a girl in Edison’s laboratory had recited:
The first recording heard from Edison’s Talking Doll. (Audio quality is low.)
Right in the middle of her forehead.
When she was good,
She was very, very good.
But when she was bad, she was horrid.
Recently, the conservation center turned up another surprise.
In 2010, the Woody Guthrie Foundation received 18 oversize phonograph disks from an anonymous donor. No one knew if any of the dirt-stained recordings featured Guthrie, but Tiffany Colannino, then the foundation’s archivist, had stored them unplayed until she heard about Irene.
Last fall, the center extracted audio from one of the records, labeled “Jam Session 9” and emailed the digital file to Ms. Colannino.
“I was just sitting in my dining room, and the next thing I know, I’m hearing Woody,” she said. In between solo performances of “Ladies Auxiliary,” “Jesus Christ,” and “Dead or Alive,” Guthrie tells jokes, offers some back story, and makes the audience laugh. “It is quintessential Guthrie,” Ms. Colannino said.
The Rolfses’ dolls are back in the display cabinet in Wisconsin. But with audio stored on several computers, they now have a permanent voice.
