Apakah Anda termasuk yang bingung untuk memilih jenis bohlam lampu apa yang tepat untuk jenis aplikasi penggunaan pada ruangan Anda? Jika “Ya” Anda tidak usah bingung dan sampai harus memanggil konsultan design interior segala kalau hanya sekedar untuk menentukan lampu apa yang cocok buat ruangan Anda. Kalau Anda pernah membaca tulisan saya terdahulu, Baca Tips Design Pencahayaan Lighting Ruang, sedikit pernah saya ulas kalau hakekat design pencahayaan lighting sebuah ruang sebenarnya adalah menganut kaidah siang dan malam.
Untuk dapat memilih lampu yang tepat atau sesuai dengan jenis aplikasi penggunaan pada ruangan Anda, Anda juga perlu melihat beberapa parameter serta jenis yang ada dalam spesifikasi lampunya. Berikut adalah beberapa parameter dan jenis yang ada dalam spesifikasi lampu, yang perlu Anda lihat karena berkaitan erat dengan aplikasi penggunannya:
1. Colour Rendering
Dalam katalog jenis lampu, satuan yang dipakai untuk dapat membedakan warna cahaya lighting atau biasa disebut Colour Rendering adalah Kelvin atau sering disingkat K. Semakin tinggi angka satuan Kelvin-nya, biasanya satuannya dalam ribuan, maka akan semakin putih kebiru-biruan warna cahaya lightingnya. Begitupun sebaliknya, semakin rendah angka Kelvin-nya maka akan semakin kuning kemerah-merahan warna cahaya lampunya. Untuk dapat menentukan warna apa yang tepat buat ruangan Anda maka jika ruangan Anda aplikasinya untuk bersantai, untuk kamar tidur, tempat makan, ruang keluarga, sebaiknya pilih yang warna cahayanya yang kuning. Jangan menggunakan warna putih. Karena apa? Karena warna kuning lebih soft, nyaman untuk nuansa santai dan beristirahat. Sebaliknya, jika aplikasinya buat ruang kerja yang bernuansa serius, pilihlah yang berwarna putih.
Pertanyaan saya bagaimana jika sebuah ruangan misalnya berfungsi ganda? Ya, berfungsi sebagai ruang santai juga ruang untuk bekerja Anda misalnya. Gampang, aturlah sistem pencahayaan ruangan tersebut menjadi dua grup, satu grup lampu dengan cahaya kuning dan satu grup lagi dengan cahaya putih lalu pasanglah saklar seri menjadi dua grup.
Sekedar contoh pada lampu yang ada di pasaran. Saya ambil contoh pada lampu Philips jenis esential type warm white (kuning) satuan Kelvin-nya sebesar 2700 K. Dan kalau type cool daylight (putih) satuan Kelvin-nya sebesar 6500 K.
2. Lumen
Satuan yang telah membedakan kekuatan cahaya bohlam lampu adalah Lumen. Semakin tinggi satuan Lumen sebuah lampu maka semakin terang atau tinggi pula Lux cahaya yang dipancarkannya. Lampu yang baik idealnya adalah ratio lumennya tinggi diatas 50 lm/W. Bahkan kini lampu-lampu Hemat Energi di pasaran sudah ada yang lumen per wattnya cukup tinggi, yaitu 60 lm/W. Untuk dapat menentukan berapa Lux yang tepat buat ruangan Anda maka jika ruangan Anda aplikasinya untuk bersantai, untuk kamar tidur, tempat makan, ruang keluarga, sebaiknya pilih yang watt dan lumen-nya tidak terlalu tinggi. Jangan menggunakan lampu yang terlalu terang pada ruangan tersebut. Karena apa? Karena cahaya yang lebih redup, soft atau tidak terlalu terang lebih nyaman untuk nuansa santai dan beristirahat. Sebaliknya, jika aplikasinya buat ruang kerja yang bernuansa serius, pilihlah yang watt dan lumennya yang tinggi.
Sebagai gambaran misalnya ruangan Anda berukuran 9 M2 dan berfungsi sebagai kamar tidur, kebutuhan lampunya sekitar 300 Lumen sudah cukup untuk dapat menerangi ruangan Anda.
3. Jenis Ballast dan Trafo
Di pasaran pada lampu tertentu, seperti jenis TL, PLC, Metal Halide dan spot ada yang masih menggunakan ballast dan trafo sebagai komponen lampunya. Dan tipe ballast dan trafo yang ada terbagi menjadi dua, konvensional (pakai kumparan/lilitan) dan elektronik. Dari kedua tipe ballast dan trafo tersebut, pilihlah yang dari jenis elektronik, jangan menggunakan yang jenis kumparan. Selain karena alasan Hemat Energi sebab ballast atau trafo elektronik terbukti lebih hemat energi, juga pada lampu yang ber-ballast atau trafo elektronik bentuknya lebih ramping sehingga tidak mengganggu estetika ruangan Anda.
4. Lampu Spot
Untuk obyek tertentu yang telah membutuhkan fokus penerangan seperti poster, lukisan atau obyek-obyek tertentu seperti patung, air mancur, atau pohon dan relief di taman misalnya, yang butuh sekali ditonjolkan, pasanglah lampu sorot yang mengarah ke obyek-obyek tersebut agar obyeknya nampak lebih menonjol dan hidup. Lampu seperti jenis ini dalam istilah design lighting disebut lampu spot. Untuk memilih lampu yang jenis seperti ini, pilihlah lampu yang berjenis PAR.
5. Lampu General Lighting
Untuk tipe general lightingnya, pilihlah yang jenis armaturenya dari downlight karena lebih fleksibel, yang titiknya bisa diatur menyebar mengikuti luas ceiling ruangan. Karena bentuknya yang tidak terlalu besar dan bisa inbow (masuk) ke dalam plafond membuat ruangan lebih indah secara estetika untuk mendukung design interior ruangan Anda.
6. Lampu Indirect Lighting
Untuk sistem pencahayaan ruang yang telah membutuhkan penerangan cahaya secara tidak langsung atau indirect, misal untuk koef ceiling (lekukan plafond) atau pada ornamen pada dinding, pilihlah lampu yang dari jenis TL karena bisa memberikan efek pencahayaan bayangan yang bagus. Lampu TL yang bentuknya memanjang lebih menghemat jumlah titik lampunya. Dan sekarang tersedia pilihan dengan bentuknya yang semakin kecil dan memanjang mirip dengan tubing neon sign yang dulu pada design interior lighting ruangan pernah dipakai juga sebagai lampu indirect lighting. Contoh lampu TL yang kecil seperti ini, pilih jenis lampu TL 5.
Demikian beberapa tips dari saya untuk memilih bohlam lampu yang tepat buat ruangan Anda. Semoga sharing tips ini bisa bermanfaat.
Advertisement Politics Obama Finds a Bolder Voice on Race Issues
As he reflected on the festering wounds deepened by race and grievance that have been on painful display in America’s cities lately, President Obama on Monday found himself thinking about a young man he had just met named Malachi.
A few minutes before, in a closed-door round-table discussion at Lehman College in the Bronx, Mr. Obama had asked a group of black and Hispanic students from disadvantaged backgrounds what could be done to help them reach their goals. Several talked about counseling and guidance programs.
“Malachi, he just talked about — we should talk about love,” Mr. Obama told a crowd afterward, drifting away from his prepared remarks. “Because Malachi and I shared the fact that our dad wasn’t around and that sometimes we wondered why he wasn’t around and what had happened. But really, that’s what this comes down to is: Do we love these kids?”
Many presidents have governed during times of racial tension, but Mr. Obama is the first to see in the mirror a face that looks like those on the other side of history’s ledger. While his first term was consumed with the economy, war and health care, his second keeps coming back to the societal divide that was not bridged by his election. A president who eschewed focusing on race now seems to have found his voice again as he thinks about how to use his remaining time in office and beyond.
In the aftermath of racially charged unrest in places like Baltimore, Ferguson, Mo., and New York, Mr. Obama came to the Bronx on Monday for the announcement of a new nonprofit organization that is being spun off from his White House initiative called My Brother’s Keeper. Staked by more than $80 million in commitments from corporations and other donors, the new group, My Brother’s Keeper Alliance, will in effect provide the nucleus for Mr. Obama’s post-presidency, which will begin in January 2017.
“This will remain a mission for me and for Michelle not just for the rest of my presidency but for the rest of my life,” Mr. Obama said. “And the reason is simple,” he added. Referring to some of the youths he had just met, he said: “We see ourselves in these young men. I grew up without a dad. I grew up lost sometimes and adrift, not having a sense of a clear path. The only difference between me and a lot of other young men in this neighborhood and all across the country is that I grew up in an environment that was a little more forgiving.”
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Organizers said the new alliance already had financial pledges from companies like American Express, Deloitte, Discovery Communications and News Corporation. The money will be used to help companies address obstacles facing young black and Hispanic men, provide grants to programs for disadvantaged youths, and help communities aid their populations.
Joe Echevarria, a former chief executive of Deloitte, the accounting and consulting firm, will lead the alliance, and among those on its leadership team or advisory group are executives at PepsiCo, News Corporation, Sprint, BET and Prudential Group Insurance; former Secretary of State Colin L. Powell; Senator Cory Booker, Democrat of New Jersey; former Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr.; the music star John Legend; the retired athletes Alonzo Mourning, Jerome Bettis and Shaquille O’Neal; and the mayors of Indianapolis, Sacramento and Philadelphia.
The alliance, while nominally independent of the White House, may face some of the same questions confronting former Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton as she begins another presidential campaign. Some of those donating to the alliance may have interests in government action, and skeptics may wonder whether they are trying to curry favor with the president by contributing.
“The Obama administration will have no role in deciding how donations are screened and what criteria they’ll set at the alliance for donor policies, because it’s an entirely separate entity,” Josh Earnest, the White House press secretary, told reporters on Air Force One en route to New York. But he added, “I’m confident that the members of the board are well aware of the president’s commitment to transparency.”
The alliance was in the works before the disturbances last week after the death of Freddie Gray, the black man who suffered fatal injuries while in police custody in Baltimore, but it reflected the evolution of Mr. Obama’s presidency. For him, in a way, it is coming back to issues that animated him as a young community organizer and politician. It was his own struggle with race and identity, captured in his youthful memoir, “Dreams From My Father,” that stood him apart from other presidential aspirants.
But that was a side of him that he kept largely to himself through the first years of his presidency while he focused on other priorities like turning the economy around, expanding government-subsidized health care and avoiding electoral land mines en route to re-election.
After securing a second term, Mr. Obama appeared more emboldened. Just a month after his 2013 inauguration, he talked passionately about opportunity and race with a group of teenage boys in Chicago, a moment aides point to as perhaps the first time he had spoken about these issues in such a personal, powerful way as president. A few months later, he publicly lamented the death of Trayvon Martin, a black Florida teenager, saying that “could have been me 35 years ago.”
That case, along with public ruptures of anger over police shootings in Ferguson and elsewhere, have pushed the issue of race and law enforcement onto the public agenda. Aides said they imagined that with his presidency in its final stages, Mr. Obama might be thinking more about what comes next and causes he can advance as a private citizen.
That is not to say that his public discussion of these issues has been universally welcomed. Some conservatives said he had made matters worse by seeming in their view to blame police officers in some of the disputed cases.
“President Obama, when he was elected, could have been a unifying leader,” Senator Ted Cruz of Texas, a Republican candidate for president, said at a forum last week. “He has made decisions that I think have inflamed racial tensions.”
On the other side of the ideological spectrum, some liberal African-American activists have complained that Mr. Obama has not done enough to help downtrodden communities. While he is speaking out more, these critics argue, he has hardly used the power of the presidency to make the sort of radical change they say is necessary.
The line Mr. Obama has tried to straddle has been a serrated one. He condemns police brutality as he defends most officers as honorable. He condemns “criminals and thugs” who looted in Baltimore while expressing empathy with those trapped in a cycle of poverty and hopelessness.
In the Bronx on Monday, Mr. Obama bemoaned the death of Brian Moore, a plainclothes New York police officer who had died earlier in the day after being shot in the head Saturday on a Queens street. Most police officers are “good and honest and fair and care deeply about their communities,” even as they put their lives on the line, Mr. Obama said.
“Which is why in addressing the issues in Baltimore or Ferguson or New York, the point I made was that if we’re just looking at policing, we’re looking at it too narrowly,” he added. “If we ask the police to simply contain and control problems that we ourselves have been unwilling to invest and solve, that’s not fair to the communities, it’s not fair to the police.”
Moreover, if society writes off some people, he said, “that’s not the kind of country I want to live in; that’s not what America is about.”
His message to young men like Malachi Hernandez, who attends Boston Latin Academy in Massachusetts, is not to give up.
“I want you to know you matter,” he said. “You matter to us.”